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Leonilla Bariatinskaya
Leonilla Ivanovna Bariatinskaia Princess of Sayn Wittgenstein Sayn () (9 May 1816 – 1 February 1918) was a Russian aristocrat who married Ludwig, Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn. Known for her great beauty and intellect, Princess Leonilla was the subject of a number of portraits by Franz Xaver Winterhalter.
== Life ==
Princess Leonilla Ivanovna Bariatinskaya was born on 9 May 1816 in Moscow. She was a daughter of Prince Ivan Ivanovich Bariatinsky, a member of one of the most influential families of the Russian nobility. She married one of the Tsar’s aides de camp, Ludwig, Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (1799-1866) on 23 October 1834 at Castle Marino, Kursk Oblast. He was a Russian aristocrat of German descent, who was known in Russia as Lev Petrovich Wittgenstein. He was a son of Ludwig, first Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein and Caecilia Snarska. Her husband had been previously married to Princess Stephanie Radziwil, who left him on her early death a rich large estate in central Europe and two children: Peter (who died without issue), and a daughter Marie, wife of Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Chancellor of the German Empire.〔Ormond & Blackett-Ord, ''Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe'', p. 185.〕
Princess Leonilla and her husband had four children. Her beauty created an impression at the Russian court, but her husband fell from favor perhaps because his liberal treatment of his serfs. They left Russia in 1848. The Prince received, as a present from King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia, the former family seat Sayn Castle, which had been destroyed in the Thirty Years' War. With the purchase of a former knight’s manor in Sayn he gained the title of Prince (Fürst) zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn. They had extensive landholdings in Russia. Among their properties were Pavlino; Kamenka, south of Kiev; and Werki, in what is now Lithuania. Princess Leonilla, who converted to Catholicism, preferred Rome and Paris, where she witnessed the pillage of the Tuileries in 1848. The princely family moved from country to country with the seasons taking with them their children, pets, servants and tutors.
Ludwig and Leonilla had the former Baroque manor of the Counts of Boos-Waldeck below Sayn Castle reconstructed into a princely residence in Gothic Revival style. Their youngest son Alexander married Yvonne, the daughter of the French Duke of Blacas and inherited Sayn after the morganatic marriages of his older brothers Peter, Friedrich and Ludwig. After his wife's early death he remarried and spent his life as Count of Hachenburg in the former family residences in Hachenburg and Friedewald in the Westerwald. Princess Leonilla held a monarchist and Catholic salon and died in 1918 at the age of 101 at her villa of Mon Abri on Lake Geneva, Switzerland.〔Ormond & Blackett-Ord, ''Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe'', p. 185.〕
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